BRICS Expansion

We have developed a BRICS Engagement Map to analyze expansion patterns and are developing new research on the enlargement of informal groups in global governance. Mihaela Papa and Rohan Ganesan created the map below, with valuable input from Walter Streeter and Padmini Das on an earlier version. For more on BRICS expansion, see BRICS’ New Map is Taking Shape, which introduces the map (Papa & Streeter, 2025), and The Magnetic Pull of BRICS, which analyzes BRICS’ enlargements (Papa, 2024).

Comments are welcome — if you’d like to suggest a change in status, please include evidence. The map was last updated on June 26, 2025.

Members, invited members, partners, and invited partners are identified through reports and official communications from BRICS presidency websites, government statements, and media reports. “Applied” refers to states that have publicly announced applications for membership. “Officials interested” indicates states where government officials have expressed interest in joining or have engaged — or plan to engage — consistently with the group. The “Debating” category includes states where there is nongovernmental discussion about membership or limited official involvement with BRICS activities.